Men's 100 metres world record progression
The first record in the 100 metres for men (athletics) was recognised by the International Amateur Athletics Federation, now known as World Athletics, in 1912.
As of 21 June 2011[update], the IAAF had ratified 67 records in the event, not including rescinded records.[1]
Unofficial progression before the IAAF
[edit]IAAF record progression
[edit]Ratified | |
Not ratified | |
Ratified but later rescinded |
"Wind" in these tables refers to wind assistance, the velocity of the wind parallel to the runner - positive values are from the starting line towards the finish line, negative are from the finish line towards the starting line, 0 is no wind in either direction, and all values are measured in metres per second. Any wind perpendicular to the runners (from left to right, right to left, or up to down or down to up, although the conditions of the track generally preclude those wind directions) is ignored and not listed.
"Auto" refers to automatic timing, and for the purposes of these lists, indicates auto times which were either also taken for hand-timed records, or were rounded to the tenth or hundredth of a second (depending on the rounding rules then in effect) for the official record time.
Records 1912–1976
[edit]The first manual time of 9.9 seconds was recorded for Bob Hayes in the final of the 100 metres at the 1964 Olympics. Hayes' official time of 10.0 seconds was determined by rounding down the electronic time of 10.06 to the nearest tenth of a second, giving the appearance of a manual time. This method was unique to the Olympics of 1964 and 1968, and the officials at the track recorded Hayes' time as 9.9 seconds.[4]
Records since 1977
[edit]Since 1975, the IAAF has accepted separate automatically electronically timed records for events up to 400 metres. Starting on January 1, 1977, the IAAF has required fully automatic timing to the hundredth of a second for these events.[2]
Jim Hines' October 1968 Olympic gold medal run was the fastest recorded fully electronic 100 metre race up to that date, at 9.95 seconds.[2] Track and Field News has compiled an unofficial list of automatically timed records starting with the 1964 Olympics and Bob Hayes' gold medal performance there. Those marks are included in the progression.
The event is linked on some of the dates.
Time | Wind | Auto | Athlete | Nationality | Location of race | Date | Notes[note 2] | Duration of record |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10.06 | 1.3 | Bob Hayes | United States | Tokyo, Japan | October 15, 1964 | [5] | 3 years, 8 months and 5 days | |
10.03 | 0.8 | Jim Hines | Sacramento, USA | June 20, 1968 | [5] | 3 months and 23 days | ||
10.02 | 2.0 | Charles Greene | Mexico City, Mexico | October 13, 1968 | A[5] | 1 day | ||
9.95 | 0.3 | Jim Hines | United States | Mexico City, Mexico | October 14, 1968 | OR, A[2] | 14 years, 8 months and 19 days | |
9.93 | 1.4 | Calvin Smith | Colorado Springs, USA | July 3, 1983 | A[2] | 4 years, 1 month and 27 days | ||
9.83 | 1.0 | Ben Johnson | Canada | Rome, Italy | August 30, 1987 | [note 3] | 0 days | |
9.93 | 1.0 | Carl Lewis | United States | Rome, Italy | August 30, 1987 | [5][6][note 4] | 11 months and 18 days | |
1.1 | Zürich, Switzerland | August 17, 1988 | [2] | 1 month and 7 days | ||||
9.79 | 1.1 | Ben Johnson | Canada | Seoul, South Korea | September 24, 1988 | [note 3][2] | 0 days | |
9.92 | 1.1 | Carl Lewis | United States | Seoul, South Korea | September 24, 1988 | OR[note 3][2] | 2 years, 8 months and 21 days | |
9.90 | 1.9 | Leroy Burrell | New York, USA | June 14, 1991 | [2] | 2 months and 11 days | ||
9.86 | 1.2 [a] | Carl Lewis | Tokyo, Japan | August 25, 1991 | [2] | 2 years, 10 months and 11 days | ||
9.85 | 1.2 | 9.848 | Leroy Burrell | Lausanne, Switzerland | July 6, 1994 | [2] | 2 years and 21 days | |
9.84 | 0.7 | 9.835 | Donovan Bailey | Canada | Atlanta, USA | July 27, 1996 | OR[2][7] | 2 years, 10 months and 20 days |
9.79 | 0.1 | Maurice Greene | United States | Athens, Greece | June 16, 1999 | [2] | 3 years, 2 months and 29 days | |
9.78 | 2.0 | Tim Montgomery | Paris, France | September 14, 2002 | [8][note 5] | 2 years and 9 months | ||
9.77 | 1.6 | 9.768 | Asafa Powell | Jamaica | Athens, Greece | June 14, 2005 | [2] | 10 months and 28 days |
1.7 | 9.766 | Justin Gatlin | United States | Doha, Qatar | May 12, 2006 | [5][9][note 6] | 30 days | |
1.5 | 9.763 | Asafa Powell | Jamaica | Gateshead, United Kingdom | June 11, 2006 | [2] | 2 months and 7 days | |
1.0 | 9.762 | Zürich, Switzerland | August 18, 2006 | [2] | 1 year and 22 days | |||
9.74 | 1.7 | 9.735 | Rieti, Italy | September 9, 2007 | [1][10] | 8 months and 22 days | ||
9.72 | 1.7 | 9.715 | Usain Bolt | New York, USA | May 31, 2008 | [2] | 2 months and 16 days | |
9.69 | 0.0 | 9.683 | Beijing, China | August 16, 2008 | OR[2] | 1 year | ||
9.58 | 0.9 | 9.572 | Berlin, Germany | August 16, 2009 | CR[1][11][12] | 15 years, 3 months and 20 days |
Low-altitude record progression 1968–1987
[edit]The IAAF considers marks set at high altitude as acceptable for record consideration. However, high altitude can significantly assist sprint performances.[13] One estimate suggests times in the 200 m sprint can be assisted by between 0.09s and 0.14s with the maximum allowable tailing wind of 2.0 m/s, and gain 0.3s at altitudes over 2000m.[14] For this reason, unofficial low-altitude record lists have been compiled.
After the IAAF started to recognise only electronic times in 1977, the then-current record and subsequent record were both set at altitude. It was not until 1987 that the world record was equalled or surpassed by a low-altitude performance. The following progression of low-altitude records therefore starts with Hines's low-altitude "record" when the IAAF started to recognise only electronic timing in 1977, and continues to Lewis's low-altitude performance that equalled the high-altitude world record in 1987. (Ben Johnson's 9.95 run in 1986 and 9.83 run in 1987 are omitted.)
Time | Athlete | Nationality | Location of race | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
10.03 | Jim Hines[5] | United States | Sacramento, USA | June 20, 1968 |
10.03 | Silvio Leonard[5] | Cuba | Havana, Cuba | September 13, 1977 |
10.02 | James Sanford[5] | United States | Westwood, USA | May 11, 1980 |
10.00 | Carl Lewis[5] | Dallas, USA | May 16, 1981 | |
10.00 | Modesto, USA | May 15, 1982 | ||
9.97 | Modesto, USA | May 14, 1983 | ||
9.97 | Calvin Smith[5] | Zürich, Switzerland | August 24, 1983 | |
9.96 | Mel Lattany[5] | Athens, USA | May 5, 1984 | |
9.93 | Carl Lewis[5] | Rome, Italy | August 30, 1987 |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ per IAAF profile; 1.0 m/s per IAAF statistic handbook
- ^ Lennart Strandberg ran 10.3 to tie the then-extant world record on September 26, 1936, and this was ratified as a world record. On February 28, 1938, the IAAF ratified Jesse Owens' 10.2 from June 20, 1936, meaning Strandberg's mark, achieved after Owens', was rescinded as a record.
- ^ "A" stands for records set more than 1,000 metres above sea level, "OR" stands for Olympic record, "CR" stands for World Championships record
- ^ a b c Ben Johnson's time of 9.79 on September 24, 1988 was disallowed and never ratified as a record as he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. Johnson subsequently admitted to steroid use between 1981 and 1988, and his world record of 9.83 set on August 30, 1987 was rescinded by the IAAF Council in September 1989.(Track and Field News, November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37)
- ^ Carl Lewis's times of 9.93 were deemed by the IAAF to have equalled the world record after Ben Johnson's 9.83 time was rescinded, but were never ratified as world records, and his time of 9.92 to win the gold medal at the Seoul Olympics after Johnson was disqualified was recognized as the world record from January 1, 1990.
- ^ Tim Montgomery's time of 9.78 on September 14, 2002 was rescinded after a 2005 ruling on his involvement with BALCO scandal ordered his results from 2001-2005 struck from the records and ordered him to forfeit medals and prizes from that time. By that time, however, it had been surpassed by Asafa Powell.[1]
- ^ Justin Gatlin was briefly credited with a new world record time of 9.76, but five days later the IAAF announced that the official timers, Tissot Timing, had discovered Gatlin's time of 9.766 had erroneously been rounded down to the nearest hundredth instead of rounded up. This time instead made Gatlin co-world record holder with Asafa Powell,[2] but this was rescinded in 2007 after Gatlin failed a doping test.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "IAAF World Championships: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Daegu 2011" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2011. pp. Pages 595, 596. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 18, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm "12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. pp. Pages 546, 547. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
- ^ Hymans, Richard; Matrahazi, Imre. "IAAF World Records Progression" (PDF) (2015 ed.). International Association of Athletics Federations. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
- ^ revisionist history: men's 100 WR. Track and Field News. November 1, 2013
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Stat Corner: 100 WR Progression". Track & Field News. 61 (7): 55. July 2008.
- ^ Track and Field News, November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37
- ^ "10m Splits for Various 100m Final Events". Myweb.lmu.edu. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
- ^ "100m World Record falls to Montgomery - 9.78!". IAAF. September 14, 2002. Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
- ^ Frank Litsky (May 18, 2006). "Gatlin Must Share 100-Meter Record". New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
- ^ "Progression of IAAF World Records, 2015 Edition" (PDF). 2015. p. 33. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
- ^ "12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics - Berlin 2009 - Bolt again! 9.58 World record in Berlin!". Berlin.iaaf.org. August 16, 2009. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
- ^ "World records set at Berlin World Championships have been ratified". iaaf.org. September 30, 2009. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
- ^ "Effect of wind speed and altitude on sprint times". www.brianmac.co.uk. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
- ^ "IngentaConnect Modeling wind and altitude effects in the 200 m sprint". www.ingentaconnect.com. Retrieved May 28, 2010.